Visible Thinking PYPStephanie Martin created the Thinking Keys routine with a colleague as a way to help students reflect on their own thinking. The four keys and associated questions give children the vocabulary neccesary to think about and discuss their thinking. The four keys are: Form: What is it like?, Function: How does it work?, Connection: How is this like something I have seen before? and Reflection: How do you know? In this video clip students use the keys to "unlock their thinking" and make connections between patterns they are exploring in math.